Aramaic Grammar (4)

Talmudic Methodology
Introductory Lessons

Talmud

21.09.2014

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Aramaic Grammar #4.

This lesson, (like all the grammar lessons) will probably not be very helpful to those without a working knowledge of Hebrew.  If, however, you do have basic Hebrew, the following will be a great help in understanding gemara Aramaic.  Like in Hebrew, Aramaic possesive pronouns are independent words but are attached to a noun or a preposition and even sometimes a verb as a suffix.  If you know the following suffixes, you will be able to:  1.  Analyze the word in order to figure out what it means.  2.  Understand the role of the word in the sentence.  Combined with the verb conjugations, that is pretty much the grammar you need to know in order to read.  Of course, some knowledge of vocabulary is a pre-requisite for doing any grammar.

In this lesson we will focus on possesive pronouns as attached to some common prepositions:  The most basic form of the possesive pronouns is as part of the preposition - <dir=rtl>ל, as in לי or ליה.  This preposition corresponds to את in Hebrew and is used to denote the direct object.  It can also mean the simple possesive, as in mine or his.  </dir=rtl>Start by learning the pronouns in their regular form in the first column on the right.  Most of them should be at least a little bit familiar by now.  When you are familiar with them, see note the ending in each case so that you can apply it to other words.  Following are exercises to practice with.

<table align="center" background="" border="1" bordercolor="#000000">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>English</td>
<td>
המילה בעברית
</td>
<td>
התוספת בארמית 
</td>
<td>
המילה בארמית 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>me, to me, mine</td>
<td>
אותי, לי
</td>
<td>
-י, -אי 
</td>
<td>
לי  
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>you, to you, yours(m)</td>
<td>
 אותך, לך
</td>
<td>
-ך
</td>
<td>
לך
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>you, to you, yours(f)</td>
<td>
אותך, לך
</td>
<td>
-יך, יכי-
</td>
<td>
ליך, ליכי
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>him, to him, his</td>
<td>
אותו, לו
</td>
<td>
-יה, -ליה
</td>
<td>
ליה
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>her, to her, her</td>
<td>
אותה, לה
</td>
<td>
-ה
</td>
<td>
לה
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>us, to us, our</td>
<td>
אותנו, לנו
</td>
<td>
-ן
</td>
<td>
לן
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>you, to you, your (pl.)</td>
<td>
אתכם, לכם
</td>
<td>
-כון, כו, -ייכו
</td>
<td>
לכו, לכון
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>them, to them, their</td>
<td>
אותם, להם
</td>
<td>
הון, -הו, -ייהו 
</td>
<td>
להון, להו 
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table align="center" background="" border="1" bordercolor="#000000">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>English</td>
<td>
המילה בעברית
</td>
<td>
המילה בארמית 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>to me, </td>
<td>
אלי
</td>
<td>
ניהלי  
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>to you (m)</td>
<td>
אליך
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>to you (f)</td>
<td>
אלייך
</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>to him</td>
<td>
אליו
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>to her</td>
<td>
אליה
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>to us</td>
<td>
אלינו
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>to you (pl.)</td>
<td>
אליכם
</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>to them</td>
<td>
אליהם
</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table align="center" background="" border="1" bordercolor="#000000">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>English</td>
<td>
המילה בעברית
</td>
<td>
המילה בארמית 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>like (according to) me</td>
<td>
כמותי
</td>
<td>
כוותי
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>like (according to) you (m)</td>
<td>
כמותך
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>like (according to) you (f)</td>
<td>
כמותיך
</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>like (according to) him</td>
<td>
כמותו
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>like (according to) her</td>
<td>
כמותה
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>like (according to) us</td>
<td>
כמותנו
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>like (according to) you (pl.)</td>
<td>
כמותכם
</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>like (according to) them</td>
<td>
כמותם
</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table align="center" background="" border="1" bordercolor="#000000">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>English</td>
<td>
המילה בעברית
</td>
<td>
המילה בארמית 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mine</td>
<td>
שלי
</td>
<td>
דידי
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yours (m)</td>
<td>
שלך
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yours (f)</td>
<td>
שלך
</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>his</td>
<td>
שלו
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hers</td>
<td>
שלה
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ours</td>
<td>
שלנו
</td>
<td>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yours (pl.)</td>
<td>
שלכם
</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>theirs</td>
<td>
שלהם
</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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